{"id":1544,"date":"2015-03-03T09:33:13","date_gmt":"2015-03-03T09:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/?page_id=1544"},"modified":"2015-03-19T06:09:16","modified_gmt":"2015-03-19T06:09:16","slug":"chapter04","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/course\/chapter04\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Shin Buddhism in Modern Culture<\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>Chapter 4 &#8211;\u00a0The Mahayana Background: \u00a0The Logic of Compassion<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbschawaii.org%2Fshindharmanet%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2015%2F03%2F04_Chapter-Four.pdf&hl=en_US&embedded=true\" class=\"gde-frame\" style=\"width:100%; height:500px; border: none;\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<p class=\"gde-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/03\/04_Chapter-Four.pdf\" class=\"gde-link\">Download (PDF, 86KB)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Multiple Choice Questions<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"mcq-main flat\"><ul class=\"mcq-questions-list\"><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">1. Which of the following does *not* illustrate the idea of complete Universality of Salvation?<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"1\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[1]\" value=\"1\">the transfer of merit<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"1\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[1]\" value=\"2\">universal Buddha nature<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"1\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[1]\" value=\"3\">exclusion of evil people and women<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">2. The great teachers of the Kamakura period appealed to which of the following groups?<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"2\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[2]\" value=\"1\">the masses<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"2\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[2]\" value=\"2\">the elite<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"2\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[2]\" value=\"3\">the scholars<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">3. In ancient India, Upanishadic mysticism undermined the aristocratic and priestly dominance of the religion of the Vedas by:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"3\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[3]\" value=\"1\">making the cultivation of the spirit to achieve union with Brahman all important<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"3\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[3]\" value=\"2\">focusing on sacrifices and magic<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"3\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[3]\" value=\"3\">rejecting the doctrine of Ahimsa or non-injury<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">4. Which of the following statements regarding early Buddhism is TRUE? It:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"4\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[4]\" value=\"1\">was able to avoid the aristocratic tendency of the Vedic religion<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"4\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[4]\" value=\"2\">like Upanishadic mysticism, eventually fell into an elitism of the spiritually and intellectually competent<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"4\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[4]\" value=\"3\">was completely universal in its approach<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">5. With the development of Mahayana Buddhism, enlightenment and liberation became accessible to all. This trend is evident in the Mahayana concepts of:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"5\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[5]\" value=\"1\">self-power and self-reliance<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"5\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[5]\" value=\"2\">social rigidity and immobility<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"5\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[5]\" value=\"3\">universal Buddha nature and the salvation of evil people<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">6. The trend to complete universality of salvation may be observed in the story of Boddhisattva Dharmakara. He vowed that he would:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"6\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[6]\" value=\"1\">not accept enlightenment unless all beings could share in it<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"6\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[6]\" value=\"2\">become enlightened for himself alone<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"6\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[6]\" value=\"3\">enlighten all beings first, then attain it himself<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">7. According to D.T. Suzuki, a great turning point in the evolution of Buddhist thought was marked by the development of the concept of:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"7\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[7]\" value=\"1\">merit-transference<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"7\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[7]\" value=\"2\">non-violence<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"7\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[7]\" value=\"3\">individual salvation<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">8. The concept of upaya or hoben, commonly called tactful means, is a central doctrine in Mahayana Buddhism because it:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"8\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[8]\" value=\"1\">limits the teachings to the priestly class<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"8\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[8]\" value=\"2\">brings the teachings within every person\u2019s reach<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"8\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[8]\" value=\"3\">promotes the building of stupas and ceremonial halls<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">9. The story of the Dragon girl in the Lotus Sutra illustrates:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"9\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[9]\" value=\"1\">the fact that women have to be reborn as men to achieve Buddhahood<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"9\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[9]\" value=\"2\">that women are completely barred from Buddhahood<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"9\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[9]\" value=\"3\">the idea that women can attain Buddhahood through faith<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">10. Honen also rejected elitism by teaching that:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"10\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[10]\" value=\"1\">salvation had no correlation to social position<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"10\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[10]\" value=\"2\">enlightenment depended upon intelligence and social status<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"10\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[10]\" value=\"3\">evil people had no chance of being saved<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"questions-single\"><div class=\"question\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:15px;\">11. Shinran gave deeper theological interpretation to the meaning of universal compassion by:<\/div><div class=\"question-hint\"><\/div><ul class=\"ans-list\" ><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"11\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[11]\" value=\"1\">teaching that our salvation is assured through Amida\u2019s compassion<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"11\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[11]\" value=\"2\">stressing the importance of self-effort<\/label><\/li><li style=\"color:#000000;font-size:14px;\" class=\"ans-single\"><label><input qid=\"11\" type=\"radio\" class=\"mcq_questions_ans\" name=\"mcq_questions_ans[11]\" value=\"3\">denouncing the teachings of Honen<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><div  class=\"mcq-submit\" mcq-id=\"1547\">Submit<\/div><div  class=\"mcq-result\"><\/div><\/div>\n<strong>Thought Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>1. This chapter and the previous one have taken up the background of Mahayana Buddhism and its two basic perspectives.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0In what ways can a combination of the two \u2014 wisdom and compassion \u2014 be applied to the problems in religion and society that we face today?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2. We have seen how easily a religion such as Buddhism can become elitist.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0What are the forces that cause this tendency? Is elitism, in your opinion, present in Buddhism today? What can be done to make Buddhism available to all on a universal scale?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>3. In your own words try to explain the concept of upaya, or hoben, commonly called Convenient Means.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0What is upaya and why is it such an important part of Mahayana Buddhist doctrine?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>4. What do you think Honen was implying when he said that people who understand all the teachings of Shaka should behave like simple-minded folks?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shin Buddhism in Modern Culture Chapter 4 &#8211;\u00a0The Mahayana Background: \u00a0The Logic of Compassion Multiple Choice Questions Thought Questions 1. This chapter and the previous one have taken up the background of Mahayana Buddhism and its two basic perspectives.\u00a0In what <span class=\"excerpt-dots\">&hellip;<\/span> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/course\/chapter04\/\"><span class=\"more-msg\">Continue reading &rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":95,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1544","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1544\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/95"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bschawaii.org\/shindharmanet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}